ABOUT ARDUINO

   ARDUINO

Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software. It's intended for anyone making interactive projects. Arduino senses the environment by receiving inputs from many sensors, and affects its surroundings by controlling lights, motors, and other actuators. 

ARDUINO BOARD

Components of ARDUINO:

The hardware of this is an open source design means any one can copy and can make their own Arduino and can sell it without any objection, just by soldering the components as shown above.

                                                          

Components of ARDUINO:

The heart of the ARDUINO is a microcontroller chip which is like a computer one can programme it to do different things.

COMPONENTS OF ARDUINO BOARD

By using microcontroller in any project can simplify the complicity of the project or the task to do, infact any one can make really awesome things by using an arduino. There are two micro controllers in the arduino board one shown here is used to store the programme that we dump into the arduino, and second one is to decoding and encoding the data or the signals. 

There is also a time increaser, power regulator, usb socket, input and out pins of digital and analog data types. Digital means on or of type data and analog means a range of data like temperature of a place. Digital pins are used to give 0 or 1 inputs, means suppose if anybody want to light an LED or an FAN they use these digital pins for giving or taking the inputs. 

Here 1->USB socket 2->power socket 3, 4, 5->power inputs contains 5v, 3.3vsupply, two   ground pins, 1-reset input.

And A0 to A5 are the Analog inputs or the outputs which gives a range of analog data. We can connect it to variable resistor, a microphone or a photo LED...etc. Analog pins are used to take or read values of temperature etc...

And 1 to 13 is the Digital pins which give 0 or 1 inputs or outputs. All these Analog and Digital are connected as inputs or the outputs of the Micro controller on the board.                                                                    "One can also buy additional shields or can attach shields to a Arduino ".

HARDWARE COMPONENTS  OF THE ARDUINO

                                

A debug LED is also built is ARDUINO on pin 13  which is useful to text your program ARDUINO, and   there is no need for an external LED .

Checking an ARDUINO original or not:

A gold coloured component is seen besides the USB socket, if you found a green coloured component or any component which is not a gold coloured seems to be duplicate. Gold resembles the original. Actually it is not the matter of orginal or not, because the difference between orginal and ordinary one is only some voltage rating but overall circuit and components are same. Because the duplicate  Arduino are manufactured by the reference of orginal. One can use normal Arduino in their projects(HOBBY PROJECTS), as these worth very less when compared to orginal.  

Checking an ARDUINO:

Ø  Take an LED where longer lead is anode (+ve)  and shorter lead  is cathode (-ve).

Ø  Place the (+ve) lead in pin 13 and (-ve) lead in pin ground.

Ø  We use pin 13 because it has in built resistor in it, so there is no need to put an external resistor  for testing.

I    If we want to put a resistor then put it in series to the LED, as shown.

  And after arranging the circuit as shown then write this code in ATMEL software.

CODE TO CHECK OR BLINKING THE LED:

#define LED 13//LED connected to digital pin 13

Void setup()

{

pinMode(LED,OUTPUT);//sets the digital pin as output

}

Void loop()

{

digitalwrite(LED,HIGH);//turns on the LED

delay(1000);//waits for a second

digitalwrite(LED,LOW);//turns off the LED

delay(1000);//waits for a second

}

Types of ARDUINO BOARDS:

ARDUINO UNO(R3):

The Uno is a great choice for your first Arduino. It’s got everything you need to get started, and nothing you don’t. It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a USB connection, a power jack, a reset button and more. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.

LILYPAD ARDUINO:

This is LilyPad Arduino main board! LilyPad is a wearable e-textile technology developed by  and cooperatively designed by Leah and SparkFun. Each LilyPad was creatively designed with large connecting pads and a flat back to allow them to be  with conductive thread. The LilyPad also has its own family of input, output, power, and sensor boards that are also built specifically for e-textiles. They’re even washable!

RED BOARD:

At SparkFun we use many Arduinos and we’re always looking for the simplest, most stable one. Each board is a bit different and no one board has everything we want – so we decided to make our own version that combines all our favorite features.

The RedBoard can be programmed over a USB Mini-B cable using the Arduino IDE. It’ll work on Windows 8 without having to change your security settings (we used signed drivers, unlike the UNO). It’s more stable due to the USB/FTDI chip we used, plus it’s completely flat on the back, making it easier to embed in your projects. Just plug in the board, select “Arduino UNO” from the board menu and you’re ready to upload code. You can power the RedBoard over USB or through the barrel jack. The on-board power regulator can handle anything from 7 to 15VDC.

ARDUINO MEGA(R3):

The Arduino Mega is like the UNO’s big brother. It has lots (54!) of digital input/output pins (14 can be used as PWM outputs), 16 analog inputs, a USB connection, a power jack, and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started. The large number of pins make this board very handy for projects that require a bunch of digital inputs or outputs (like lots of LEDs or buttons).

ARDUINO LEONARDO:

The Leonardo is Arduino’s first development board to use one microcontroller with built-in USB. This means that it can be cheaper and simpler. Also, because the board is handling USB directly, code libraries are available which allow the board to emulate a computer keyboard, mouse, and more!

The Extended Family:

While your Arduino board sure is pretty, it can’t do a whole lot on its own – you’ve got to hook it up to something. There are lots of tutorials here on learn as well as the links back in the ‘What does it do’ section, but rarely do we talk about the general kinds of things you can easily hook into. In this section we’ll introduce basic sensors as well as Arduino shields, two of the most handy tools to use in bringing your projects to life.

Sensors

With some simple code, the Arduino can control and interact with a wide variety of sensors - things that can measure